The Reasons And Solutions Of Developing Gap

The Reasons And Solutions Of Developing Gap Now with the open world market, many people increase confidence that the developing gap between developing and developed countries. However the opposite reality shows that after World War Two, this developing gap has been increasingly widened. According to a British expert, if developing countries income remains at the level of 5% of developed countries, then the absolute gap in income needs 40 years to be eliminated. (Robert Hunter Wade, 2004) So what are the reasons for the widening developing gap? Developed countries selfishly believe that developing countries should be responsible for such consequence by themselves, and they also find many evidences to blame developing countries, but of course they are just tricks rather than truths. This paper will analyze these tricks one by one and then find real reasons for the developing gap. The first one is about international trade. China is often blamed as using productions with the lowest costs and prices to trade in international market. Yes China does, and many developing countries also do as China does, but before we blame them without consideration, we should think about the reason why most developing countries go such a way, or say whether there is a rule inside the phenomena. Theories from Macroeconomy prove that economy development needs to take comparative advantages. So to developing countries, low-cost industries, such as manufactory, should be developed at first. Actually those successful countries or areas which got high speed of increase in economy, such as Japan, Korea, Singapore, Hong Kong, and Taiwan, were all developing manufactory at first. But why developing countries cannot get such success at current time? The reason is simple: rules are more controlled by developed countries. The most obvious trap is the increasing pricing gap between low and hi gh levels of products. Among so many victims of the pricing gap, India is a typical one. From 1960s to 1990s, main types of export goods of India were handwork production, clothing, simple machinery, leather, cotton yarn, tea-leaf, while the main types of import goods were petrochemicals and high-technological machinery. (Global Forum Official Website, 2005) Thus India suffered adverse balance trade deficit for 30 years, and even now India still doesnt have a full industrial system. China also has suffered the negative influence from the developing method of exporting simple productions although rarely has suffered adverse balance trade deficit. So we can see that actually developing countries are victims of this bad globe economic institution made by developed countries. However now developed countries blame the victims first and they believe that developing countries deserve to suffer poverty because they use this method to develop their international trade. What a ridiculous char ge! The second reason of the developing gap, of course is come from developed countries, is about the global warming. With the growth of this issue, who should be responsible for this issue also becomes an issue. Depending on their perfect relation or say international influence ability and rich sources on medias, developed countries owe the cause of global issue to developing countries, especially China and India, and believe that the environmental problems influencing development in developing countries should be responded by developing countries themselves. First some western experts write some articles to blame developing countries. In the article titled Population Growth and Global Warming, the author John Bongaarts gave such a theory to owe this to developing countries: because of the increase in population size and income per capita in developing countries, their energy consumption would exceed developed countries, and they would also increase the deforestation, which would be the new main reason of global warming. At the end of this article, the author owed responsibility to those MDCs, of course implying China and India. So what about the truth? According to report from World Bank, the carbon emission per person of China was 4.1 ton in 2009, which is one-fifth of U.S, and one-half on Britains (Economy Reference, 2009). Western experts blame that its no use to compare by the standard of carbon emission per person because Chinas total emission is the highest in the world, but actually they are tricking people again. Economy serves for everyone, and development includes the improvement of peoples lives, so carbon emission per person matters not only the total emission but also the healthy development, especially peoples lives. Now even peoples daily energy consumption in developed countries is much higher than in developing countries, even drying cloths needs machine, no need to say energy consumption for industries. So following developed countries suggestio n, the most of world population needs to bear low life level to let very few people in developed countries to enjoy the high energy consumption, in the long run. How virulent goal developed countries want to achieve can be seen. Developed countries also owe developing gap to the problems inside developing countries inside management, such as corruption and low efficiency. Yes, such problems do matters the developing gap the most. But developed countries play the same trick, called a thief calls Stop thief' in China, again at this point: even these actually should be responded by developed countries. According to experts Daron Acemoglu, Simon Johnson, and James A. Robinsons research, three truths responsible for the gap between former colonies and colonizers, and even different colonies, should be noticed: first, there are different types of institutions for different colonies, one is called Neo-Europes, which means the settlers tried to replicate European institutions on there, and the most successful former colony, United Stated appeared, now this former biggest benefited becomes the biggest ruler of the world, and another type of colony institution is called extractives states, of which main purpose was ju st to transfer as much of the resources of the colony to the colonizer, and thus colonies under this institution were of course victims, and those LDCs in current time all suffered such a institution before; second, the reason for such difference between colonies is that some colonies were comfortable for settlers to stay, such as U.S., and some were not, such as those LDCs; third, the colonial state and institutions persisted even after independence, so managing problems in some former colonies are still with the current LDCs now. (Daron Acemoglu, Simon Johnson, and James A. Robinson, 2001) So how cheeky it is that some people say that developing countries should be responsible for their poverty by themselves because of their own inside problems. One thing need to be noticed is that while there are some justice experts in developed countries now are discovering these cruel truths, some Chinese now are helping developed countries to spread their ridicules explains about such problems. China also suffered invasion from outside and the negative influences from such invasion, so Chinese can never accept being cheated again by this kind of explains. If such dangerous trend develops, China will really pay new prices because this real inside problem, so just blaming developed countries becomes not useless, and the first solution is to eliminate such betrayers. Then we should summarize more experience about global competition, for example how to negotiate about prices of minerals. But we believe that things will turn to be better in the future.

teh rechartering of the national bank by Andrew Jackson :: essays research papers

The Rechartering of the National Bank In 1832, a Renewal Bill for the United States Bank came up to the President, Andrew Jackson. He vetoed this bill for the Bank, and in the address that he included with the veto stated that he knew that this would be an issue, and that people would not like it. He told in this address all of the clear and obvious reasons why he vetoed against the bank.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  First, Andrew Jackson, aimed towards all of the strict constructionists, brought up the point that the formation of a national bank is not in the Constitution, and therefore there is no reason why we should be able to use it. President Jackson also said how the national bank is â€Å"rebellious of the rights of the states, and dangerous to the liberties of the people†. Jackson could see that the bank was a monopoly, and the danger that this could bring. He said how the bank is run primarily by 25 people, 20 of which are elected by the bank stock holders, the other five are elected by the bank officials themselves, who in the long run can keep reelecting themselves, and corruption is bound to follow.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The main point that President Jackson made in his address for the veto was that too much of the money in the U.S. Bank was from foreign countries. When private stockholders from other countries don’t pay their debts, it hurts the U.S. economy, but even worse then that is the foreign business that the bank does creates an incredible amount of foreign dividend that the U.S. citizens have to pay for, in their taxes. The President says that the banking system should be entirely American; all of the stockholders in the United States Banking system should consist of U. teh rechartering of the national bank by Andrew Jackson :: essays research papers The Rechartering of the National Bank In 1832, a Renewal Bill for the United States Bank came up to the President, Andrew Jackson. He vetoed this bill for the Bank, and in the address that he included with the veto stated that he knew that this would be an issue, and that people would not like it. He told in this address all of the clear and obvious reasons why he vetoed against the bank.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  First, Andrew Jackson, aimed towards all of the strict constructionists, brought up the point that the formation of a national bank is not in the Constitution, and therefore there is no reason why we should be able to use it. President Jackson also said how the national bank is â€Å"rebellious of the rights of the states, and dangerous to the liberties of the people†. Jackson could see that the bank was a monopoly, and the danger that this could bring. He said how the bank is run primarily by 25 people, 20 of which are elected by the bank stock holders, the other five are elected by the bank officials themselves, who in the long run can keep reelecting themselves, and corruption is bound to follow.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The main point that President Jackson made in his address for the veto was that too much of the money in the U.S. Bank was from foreign countries. When private stockholders from other countries don’t pay their debts, it hurts the U.S. economy, but even worse then that is the foreign business that the bank does creates an incredible amount of foreign dividend that the U.S. citizens have to pay for, in their taxes. The President says that the banking system should be entirely American; all of the stockholders in the United States Banking system should consist of U.

Dueling Computers

1. Do you think Apples comparison advertising between Mac and PC works? Why or why not? From a personal perspective, it almost seems as thought that everything that Apple does turns to gold in some sort, including their advertising campaign. This campaign better known, as â€Å"Get a Mac† appears to require thought at first glance due to the uncommon nature of comparing two objects, but is truly straightforward. Apples uncharacteristic way for comparison, I believe is the true reason for its success. This advertising ploy is somewhat comical but also gives life to two competitive computer operating systems, which in any case could be uninteresting. With this being said I absolutely think that apples comparison advertising between Mac and PC works, myself being proof. When this advertising campaign began I really did not know much about a Mac mostly due to the computers that I have owned were a PC. When I first saw this campaign the first thing that caught my eye was that PC’s were much more vulnerable to viruses as to Mac’s. Apple did a great job at showing this by simulating two actors as if they were computers. I believe this also caught the eye of the computer illiterate nation as well. These comparison commercials were easy to follow and made a very complicated product easy to understand. 2. How important do you think each of these elements of the commercial is to the campaign’s success: music, actors, dialog, setting, and tone? Although all of these elements work great in creating a successful commercial collectively in other campaigns, but I find some of them are not relevant to the success of Apple. For instance, I myself had to go to YouTube and research the elements of the commercials due to some not as appealing as other were. Music- Generally I think music is a key aspect in commercials and sets the mood for its entirety, but the music in Apple’s advertising campaign was somewhat vague and forgettable. While the music was somewhat dull it did allow for the understanding of the actors dialogue. Actors- Although these actors were not exceptionally well known as a superstar athlete or a movie star, they did appear in some other types of television. This I believe gives the television audience some sort of familiarity with the two actors. The actors did however work well together in showing the differences between the PC and Mac. Dialogue- This commercial used dialogue that a computer illiterate was able to understand. In my life experiences simple and to the point was always the best way of putting things, especially in a business type atmosphere. Setting- The setting of these commercials was a blank background. This I believe is a metaphor for the simplicity and user-friendly Apple products. Tone- The tone of the advertisement was somewhat vague but worked perfectly for Apple and its appearance. I do not think that this was a great element for this advertisement. 3. What audience that is Apple trying to reach with these ads? I believe the simplicity of these adds and Apples products are more focused toward the more technical handicapped individual, especially those of which that still use and own a PC. Their commercials look down on PC’s and give examples of why the apple product is better than others. Apple appears to keep much of their advertising extremely simple and easy to follow.

French Literary Tenses - Temps littéraires

There are five French past tenses that are not used in spoken French. They are called literary or historical tenses because they are reserved for written French, such as LiteratureJournalismHistorical textsNarration At one time, literary tenses were used in spoken French, but they have gradually disappeared. When they are used, they raise the speakers register to an extremely refined (some might even say snobbish) level of French. They may also be used for humorous effect. For example, in the French movie Ridicule, the aristocracy use literary tenses in their word games, in order to make themselves sound more educated and refined. Each of the literary tenses has a non-literary equivalent; however, there are subtle nuances that are lost when using the equivalents. Most of these nuances dont exist in English, so I explain the difference in my lessons. Because literary tenses are not used in spoken French, you need to be able to recognize them, but you will most likely never need to conjugate them. Even in written French, most of the literary tenses are disappearing. The passà © simple is still used, but the others are often replaced by their spoken equivalents or by other verbal constructions. Some say that the disappearance of literary tenses leaves gaping holes in the French language - what do you think? Literary tenses  are not used in spoken French - they have non-literary equivalents, explained here. For a definition of literary tenses and a description of where/when they are used, please read the  introduction.Click the name of each literary tense to learn more about to conjugate and use it.I. Passà © simpleThe passà © simple  is the literary simple past tense. Its English equivalent is the preterite or simple past.Il  choisit.- He chose.The spoken French equivalent is the  passà © composà ©Ã‚  - the English present perfect.Il  a choisi.  - He has chosen. You can see that by not using the  passà © simple  and the  passà © composà ©Ã‚  together, the  French language  has lost the nuance between he chose and he has chosen. The  passà © simple  indicates an action that is complete and has no relationship to the present, whereas using the  passà © composà ©Ã‚  indicates a relationship with the present.II.  Passà © antà ©rieurThe passà © antà ©rieur  is the literary compound past tense.Quand il  eut choisi, nous rà ®mes.  - When he had chosen, we laughed.Its equivalent in spoken French is the  plus-que-parfait  (the English pluperfect or past perfect).Quand il  avait choisi, nous avons ri.  - When he had chosen, we laughed.The  passà © antà ©rieur  expresses an action that took place right before the action in the main verb (expressed by the  passà © simple). Aside from being extremely rare in spoken French, the  passà © antà ©rieur  is even disappearing in written French, as it can be replaced by several different constructions (see the lesson on the  past anterior  for more information).III. Imparfait  du subjonctif*The imparfait du subjonctif  is the literary simple past subjunctive.br/>Jai voulu quil  choisà ®t.  - I wanted him to choose. (I wanted that he chose)Its spoken French equivalent is the  present subjunctive.Jai voulu quil  choisisse.  - I wanted him to choose. (I wanted that he choose)The distinction lost here is this: by using the imperfect subjunctive in French, both the main clause (I wanted) and the  subordinate clause  (that he chose) are in the past, whereas in the spoken French, the subordinate clause is in the present (that he choose).IV.  Plus-que-parfait  du subjonctif*The plus-que-parfait du subjonctif  is the literary compound past subjunctive.Jaurais voulu quil  eà »t choisi.  - I would have wanted him to choose.(I would have wanted that he had chosen)Its spoken French equivalent is the  past subj unctive.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jaurais voulu quil  ait choisi.  - I would have wanted him to choose.  Ã‚  Ã‚  (I would have wanted that he has chosen)This distinction is even more subtle, and is a combination of the  passà © composà ©Ã‚  and  imparfait du subjonctif  nuances: by using the  plus-que-parfait du subjonctif, the action is in the remote past and has no relationship to the present (that he had chosen), whereas using the past subjunctive indicates a slight relationship with the present (that he has chosen).br/>V.  Seconde forme du conditionnel passà ©The  conditional perfect, second form, is the literary conditional past.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Si je leus vu, je leusse achetà ©.  - If I had seen it, I would have bought it.Its spoken French equivalent is the  conditional perfect.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Si je lavais vu, je laurais achetà ©.  - If I had seen it, I would have bought it.The use of the second form of the conditional perfect emphasizes the fact that I didnt buy it, whe reas the non-literal conditional perfect makes it sound more like a opportunity that just happened to be missed. *The English equivalents for these two literary tenses are unhelpful, because English rarely uses the subjunctive. I gave the literal, ungrammatical English translation in parentheses simply to give you an idea of what the French structure is like. Summary Literary tense Literary tense classification Non-literary equivalent pass simple simple past pass compos pass antrieur compound past plus-que-parfait imparfait du subjonctif simple past subjunctive subjonctif plus-que-parfait du subjonctif compound past subjunctive subjonctif pass 2e forme du conditionnel pass conditional past conditionnel pass More Literary French The  present subjunctive  has some literary uses.Certain verbs can be negated with the  ne littà ©raire.In literary French, the  negative adverb  ne... pas  is replaced by  ne... point.